不同进食水平对生茸期梅花鹿能量代谢的影响

本试验采用梯度饲养试验、消化代谢试验及呼吸测热试验等方法 ,对成年梅花鹿生茸期能量代谢规律进行了研究。结果指出 :①随着能量进食水平的提高 ,梅花鹿体沉积能显著增加 ;②梅花鹿日产热量与进食能量水平呈强直线相关 ;③甲烷能产生量随着能量进食水平的增加而增加。     

北京黑猪和长白猪脂肪代谢的比较

猪在断奶后的生长期内,体内脂肪逐渐增加,和其它家畜相比,猪更倾向沉积体脂。但猪体脂的沉积还要受遗传、年龄、日粮营养水平等因素的影响。在饲粮消化能量(DE)水平保持在3000—3200Kcal/kg,蛋白质含量为14％—15％的饲养条件下,我们分别测定了纯系北京黑猪(肉脂兼用型,平均瘦肉率为51％)和纯系长白猪(瘦肉型猪、平均瘦肉率为62％)的某些脂肪合成酶活性和脂肪代谢的一些生化指标。北京黑猪(公母各半)脂肪组织(背膘)中苹果酸酶(ME),葡萄糖—6—磷酸脱氢酶(G—6—PDH),异柠檬酸脱氢酶(ICDH)三种NADPH—生成酶活性随体重增加而升高,差异极其显著(P<0.001)。体重90kg的酶活性比56kg约高三倍。脂纺组织中上述NADPH生成酶活性北京黑猪比长白猪(体重均为90kg,公母各半)高一倍(P<0.001)。给北京黑猪(30头,公母各半,起始体重为60kg)注谢重组猪生长激素(rPGH,每天每头2mg,连续注谢28天),除表现生长加快,脂肪率下降约21％—23％外,其脂肪组织中NADPH生成酶活性降低十分明显(P<0.001)。苹果酸酶,葡萄糖—6—磷酶脱氢酶,异柠檬酸脱氢酶,三种酶总活性比对照组降低20％。血精中三酰甘油,游离脂肪酸,总胆固醇,高密度脂蛋白(HDL)胆固醇、乳糜微粒,极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)胆固醇含量,6月龄时,北京黑猪明显高于长白猪(P<0.001—0.0005);而4月龄时,北京黑猪血清中三酰甘油,高密度脂蛋白胆固酶含量则均明显低于长白猪。北京黑猪血清中三酰甘油,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量,随月龄(4月龄—6月龄)增长而增加(P<0.0005)。而长白猪则相反,随月龄而呈下降趋势(P<0.05—0.0005)。两种猪的脂蛋白电泳和含量测定未见有年龄和品种间的差异。     

家蚕丝素蛋白对大鼠胆固醇代射的影响

研究了经酸解后制得的家蚕丝素蛋白氨基酸组成以及对高血脂实验鼠血清和肝脏内胆固醇及转氨酶的活性变化的影响。结果表明：所得的家蚕丝素蛋白粉氨基酸组成丰富，其中甘氨酸、丙氨酸、丝氨酸和酪氨酸含量占全部氨基酸总量的95%；家蚕丝素蛋白能显著地降低血清胆固醇含量和谷草转氨酶及谷丙转氨酶活性，提高动物肝组织中的胆固醇浓度和谷丙转氨酶的活性。     

寡果糖对断奶仔猪生长、代谢和免疫的影响

在基础日粮中添加寡果糖 ,研究其对断奶仔猪生长、代谢和免疫的影响。试验将 32头杜大二断奶仔猪分为 2组 ,基础日粮为对照组 ,基础日粮添加 0 1 7%寡果糖为试验组 ,预试期 4d ,正式试验期 2 8d。结果表明 :试验组较对照组仔猪日增重提高 3 88% (P >0 0 5) ,料重比下降4 67% ;仔猪血液尿素氮含量显著升高 (P<0 0 1 ) ,甲状腺素 (T4)和白细胞介素 2 (IL 2 )含量也显著升高 (P<0 0 5) ,血糖和T3含量有升高趋势 ,但不显著     

肽在瘤胃内的代谢和利用

微生物蛋白降解作用形成的多肽经过一系列肽酶最终转化为氨基酸,其速度取决于多肽的化学组成和N端结构.大多数情况下,瘤胃肽在栖瘤胃拟杆菌分泌的二肽基肽酶作用下,从多肽N未端释放二肽而不是游离氨基酸.通过抑制栖瘤胃拟杆菌的二肽基肽酶活性或该菌对肽吸收率可以减慢混合瘤胃群落对肽的水解速率.肽和氨基酸刺激瘤胃微生物的生长,并且对许多种菌的最佳生长是必需的.纤维分解菌是个例外.当然,细菌蛋白质合成时利用氨与肽和氨基酸的比例也取决于它们的浓度.     

木质纤维素的降解和五种酶的活性对香菇子实体形成的影响

本文从生化角度研究了F型(形成子实体)和N型(不形成子实体)两类香菇菌株在生长发育过程中生化代谢活动上的差异。结果表明,在香菇的整个生长过程中,F型菌株的纤维素酶、半纤维素酶、漆酶、酸性蛋白酶和果胶酶的活性均高于N型菌株,尤其在形成子实体的第二和第三阶段,纤维素酶、半纤维素酶和酸性蛋白酶的活性均呈较大幅度的增加,这种趋势与胞外可溶性蛋白含量的增幅是一致的,同时F型菌株对培养基中木质素、纤维素和半纤维素的降解能力也高于N型菌株,说明在形成子实体的过程中,F型菌株具有比N型菌株相对更强的生化代谢能力;各种与物质降解有关酶的代谢活动在某些环节上受阻或不能有效地表达是N型菌株不能形成子实体的一个重要生理原因。     

过氧化物酶体增殖剂受体与脂质代谢调控

综述了过氧化物酶体增殖剂受体在动物体内的分布、结构与转录调节机制及其对脂肪细胞分化、脂质代谢的调控。     

The use of cultured hepatocytes from goats and cattle to investigate xenobiotic oxidative metabolism

The oxidative metabolism of aldicarb (ALD), a carbamate pesticide, and fenbendazole (FBZ), an anthelmintic, was studied using cultured hepatocytes obtained from 4 goats and a bullock and incubated with ALD (50 mol/L) and FBZ (10 mol/L). The parent compounds and the metabolites were measured by HPLC. Both compounds are metabolized at the sulphur atom via two sequential oxidations, first to the sulphoxide (aldicarb sulphoxide and oxfendazole, respectively) and then to the sulphone. Oxfendazole and fenbendazole sulphone from FBZ, and aldicarb sulphoxide from ALD were found in both species. Aldicarb sulphone was not produced by the hepatocyte preparations from the bullock. The good correlation obtained comparing the in vitro results of FBZ metabolism with published in vivo dat obtained on FBZ kinetics in the same species confirmed the usefulness of in vitro models for predictive analysis of in vivo xenobiotic biotransformations.Abbreviations ALD aldicarb - ALDSON aldicarb sulphone - ALDSOX aldicarb sulphoxide - BSA bovine serum albumin - ID internal diameter - EGTA ethylene glycol bis(-aminoethyl ether) N,N,N,N-tetraacetic acid - FBZ fenbendazole - FBZSON fenbendazole sulphone - HBSS Hanks' balanced saline solution - HPLC high-pressure liquid chromatography - LDH lactate dehydrogenase - MFO mixed function oxidase - NCS newborn calf serum - OXF oxfendazole - WME Williams' Medium E     

Apoplastic redox metabolism: Synergistic phenolic oxidation and a novel oxidative burst

The plant apoplast is an important mediator of communication between the cell cytoplasm and its surroundings. Plant cell suspensions offer a convenient model system to gain insight into apoplastic physiology. Here, we describe a novel phenomenon that took place when two naturally occurring phenolics were added together to either soybean or tobacco cell suspensions. Acetosyringone (AS) and/or hydroxyacetophenone (HAP), phenolics found in the extracellular/apoplast of tobacco cells, were added to soybean or tobacco cell suspensions undergoing an oxidative burst. Individually, AS appeared to be utilized as a typical peroxidase substrate to scavenge hydrogen peroxide, while HAP was utilized at a much lower rate. However, when added together the rate of utilization of both phenolics increased and surprisingly resulted in the production of hydrogen peroxide. We have further characterized this novel phenomenon in suspension cells. This study demonstrates that certain phenolics in plants can cause co-oxidation which, as in animals, could alter the structure and bioactivity of surrounding phenolics.     

胆碱降低动物脂肪沉积的营养作用机理

胆碱是动物生长发育所必需的维生素。饲料中添加胆碱可显著降低动物脂肪沉积。基于胆碱代谢和蛋氨酸代谢,本文从胆碱氧化、蛋氨酸再甲基化、脂肪酸氧化三者之间的联系探讨了胆碱降低动物脂肪沉积的营养作用机理。